Concentric reducers are used to properly reduce into and out of circulating pumps. Pump connections are usually smaller than the lines coming to and from the pump. Bushings should not be used to accomplish this reduction as they cause excessive pressure loss and water turbulence. MER-MADE reducers are made to two different overall lengths, depending on the reducer size to allow for standardization. Shorter or longer lengths can be made special order to fit a specific situation.